USA Hawker Aircraft Battery 20FP25H1CT-R Made in USA

　　What are the eight most common reasons for premature failure of lead-acid batteries in military applications?

　　The vehicle has insufficient running time. The engine requires energy to rotate. For example, a light tactical vehicle may require 500 CCAs, while a heavy combat vehicle may require 2000 CCAs. If the engine keeps starting and then immediately stops, the generator will not have enough time to fully charge the battery.

　　The battery self discharges. The state of charge (SOC) of the battery should be monitored regularly (approximately every 3 months), especially when stored or installed on unused vehicles or other equipment. If the battery is not fully charged, please restore it to its rated capacity. It is strongly recommended to connect the fully charged battery in storage to an appropriate preventive maintenance charger (also known as a float charger, trick charger, etc.) until needed. If the battery is in a vehicle or other device that is not frequently used, regularly check the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery. If the voltage drops, please charge the battery. For Hawker ® It is strongly recommended to charge the battery when the OCV drops to 12.65 volts or lower.

　　Malfunctions caused by temperature. As mentioned above, an increase in battery temperature will lead to an increase in the self discharge rate of the battery. If battery discharge is allowed, it will lead to a shortened shelf life and a decrease in expected service life.

　　Dirty battery terminals and/or casing. Dirty battery terminals increase resistance, making the vehicle's electrical system more laborious. In addition, if sufficient conductive dirt, debris, or corrosion forms a connection between the negative (-) and positive (+) terminals of the battery, surface discharge may occur at the top of the battery casing, thereby depleting the battery.

　　Mixing batteries of different sizes, types, chemical compositions, voltages, or manufacturers. In addition, the same battery for different ages. Different batteries may have different voltages and CCA levels. In addition, they may receive voltage at different rates, gas at different temperatures, and (based on battery chemistry) may have different internal resistances. Moreover, even old and new batteries of the same type and size, produced by the same manufacturer, may have different internal resistances (due to normal plate vulcanization, old batteries will age over time).

　　Parasitic drain and/or load retention when the vehicle is not in use. If the vehicle has a "main" power switch, it is recommended to turn it to the "off" position when the vehicle and its equipment are not in use. If the vehicle has been shut down but its equipment is still in use, it is very beneficial to have a low voltage load shedding/reduction program to protect the battery from over discharge (assuming the vehicle has a battery management system). During load shedding, when the voltage of the battery (or battery pack) drops to a certain level, non critical items (specified by the user) will be "turned off", and only mission essential devices will remain "on". For example, in a nominal 24 volt system (please note, fully charged Hawker) ® When the battery is configured in series and series parallel, it actually provides a voltage of 25.5 volts. Usually, when the voltage drops to about 23 volts (CCV), this will only increase the battery life to only drive important loads. Due to the low load on the battery pack, the voltage will subsequently increase due to the reduced load. Please note that when the battery pack drops to 23 volts (CCV) again, all power sources will stop, and therefore all devices will be 'turned off'.

　　Electrical system malfunction. Confirm that the vehicle's wiring and accessories are not short circuited (i.e. short circuited). When using AGM batteries, ensure that the voltage regulator only allows up to 15 volts of voltage to pass through a single battery or batteries connected in a nominal 12 volt parallel configuration, and up to 30 volts of voltage to pass through batteries connected in a nominal 24 volt series or nominal 24 volt series parallel configuration.

　　Physical damage. Do not stack batteries more than two layers. Do not place one battery directly on top of another battery unless the bottom battery is in the manufacturer's original shipping box. If the manufacturer's original shipping box is not available, a non-conductive pad should be placed on top of the bottom battery so that it is at least a quarter inch higher than the battery terminals, and then the second battery should be stacked on the pad (making sure it is not directly placed on the bottom battery terminals). By removing the battery from the ground/floor, the possibility of damage caused by mobile devices such as handcarts, pallet trucks, forklifts, etc. can be reduced. In addition, due to possible temperature transfer, the possibility of battery freezing can be reduced by removing the battery from the cold ground/floor. Placing the battery on a hot ground/floor will increase its self discharge rate (thereby reducing storage life and expected service life). Therefore, by avoiding placing the battery on hot ground/floor, this possibility can be reduced.